系统分析多组织转录组鉴定影响猪脂肪沉积的关键基因

旨在挖掘影响松辽黑猪脂肪沉积的关键基因及脂肪、肝和肌肉在体内的功能。本研究选择体重100 kg左右健康且背膘厚差异显著的6头(高、低各3头)松辽黑猪为试验动物,利用高通量转录组测序技术检测其脂肪、肝和背最长肌组织中基因的表达水平,鉴定不同脂肪沉积猪和不同组织中的差异表达基因,并分析差异表达基因的生物学功能。结果表明,在不同分组的猪中发现135个差异表达基因,其中部分参与了PPAR信号通路、AMPK信号通路、代谢通路、脂肪酸代谢和甘油代谢等通路。经生物学功能分析发现,EHHADH、ME1、SCD、OLR1、PHGDH、ACLY、LEP和CYP超家族基因等基因为影响猪脂肪沉积的关键基因。在不同组织的差异表达表达基因中,脂肪组织中高表达的基因显著富集在胰岛素信号通路、MAPK信号通路、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化等通路;肝中高表达基因显著富集在多种物质的代谢、脂肪酸的降解、氨基酸的合成等通路;背最长肌中高表达的基因主要参与了蛋白质的降解、PI3K-Akt信号通路、氧化磷酸化通路、Wnt信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇信号通路等通路。不同组间差异表达基因分析结果提示,EHHADH、ME1、SCD、OLR1、PHGDH、ACLY、LEP和CYP超家族基因等基因是影响脂肪沉积的关键基因;不同组织间差异表达基因表明,脂肪组织是脂肪合成的主要部位,而肝和肌肉组织主要涉及脂肪酸的降解。本研究结果对脂肪性状的遗传改良、机理解析有一定意义。     

潞江坝胡椒种植面积严重萎缩原因分析及发展建议

自20世纪80年代起,云南保山潞江坝胡椒种植面积逐渐萎缩,经调查分析,该地区冬春季节低温干旱的气候条件、管理粗放、连作障碍等导致胡椒旱衰和死亡是种植面积大幅萎缩的主要原因;作者在此基础上提出了该区胡椒产业发展的建议。     

鲁中南山地刺槐萌生更新林经济效果评价

采用企业动态经济评价方法对刺槐萌生林不同轮伐期的经济效果进行了评价；按ＮＰＶ最大、ＩＲＲ最大确定了林分经济成熟龄；通过敏感性分析确定了经济成熟龄区间。     

Intercropping field crops between rows of Leucaena leucocephala under rainfed conditions in northern India

A field study was conducted for six years (1981–1986) on sandy loam soil on intercropping hedgerows of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit. with three field crops viz. maize (Zea mays L), black gram (Vigna mungo L) and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L Taub.). In treatments 1 and 2 Leucaena hedges were planted as pure crops at close (25 cm × 75 cm) and wide (25 cm × 375 cm) spacings. In treatments 3, 4 and 5 the three field crops were intercropped between the hedgerows of Leucaena at the wide spacing, and in treatments 6, 7 and 8 the field crops were raised as pure crops. Leucaena was topped to 75 cm each time it attained a height of 175 cm. The pure crop of Leucaena at close spacing produced an average, over the six years, of 34 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of green fodder and 9.4 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of air dry fuelwood. The Leucaena at wide spacing produced 18.9 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of green fodder and 6.3 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of fuelwood. Intercropping with field crops decreased the yield of green fodder and fuelwood. The yield of all the field crops was less when raised as intercrops than as pure crops. Mean maximum net returns were obtained from intercrops of Leucaena and cluster bean (Rs 3540 ha⁻¹a⁻¹) which were significantly higher than the returns from pure crop of Leucaena at wide spacing but similar to the returns from pure crops of cluster bean. Leucaena with maize (Rs 3273 ha⁻¹a⁻¹) and black gram (Rs 3125 ha⁻¹a⁻¹) gave significantly higher net returns over pure crops of Leucaena at wide spacing, maize and black gram. ICRISAT = International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics- Hyderabad, India. CIAT = Centro International de Agricultura Tropical - Cali - Columbia     

特种黑木炭研制报告

特种黑木炭是用柞、槲烧制的具有较高密度的木炭。影响黑木炭密度的主要因素有原料含水率和径级、干燥与炭化速度、炭窑窑形及精炼。本文还对烧制特种黑木炭过程中的具体操作技术要点进行了详尽的论述。     

黑银杏优良无性系选育研究

在对全县银杏种质资源普查的基础上，通过初选、复选和高接栽培对比试验，从２９７株雌银杏古树中发现并选育出了两个具有药用价值高、结实早、丰产稳产、抗逆性强等特点的黑银杏优良无性系———中银黑１号和中银黑２号。黑银杏种仁中总黄酮含量０９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，叶片中总黄酮含量８５ｇ／ｋｇ，分别比普通银杏高５０％和４１７％。文中还介绍了黑银杏的优良经济性状、生物学特性和生态学特性。     

刺槐平茬后的经营管理技术研究

刺槐林木生长到中龄林以上阶段,出现老化衰退现象,经人工平茬后达到萌蘖复壮更新的目的,其经营管理技术极为重要。通过清除伐根、严格管护、林间挖沟、补植等系列经营管理技术,才能达到复壮更新的目的。     

窄冠刺槐无性系的选育

对选自河南省淮阳县的窄冠刺槐优良无性系的选育过程及其生物生态学特性、无性系繁殖与育苗方法以及无性系林分在不同立地条件下的生长表现进行了研究.多点测定结果表明:窄冠刺槐生长快,在不同栽培条件下4～8年生时,树高年平均生长量达1.5～I.8 m,胸径2.1～2.5 cm;干形好,树干通直,形率达0.7～0.8;树冠窄,紧凑而圆满,分枝角度＜35°;托叶刺少或无.窄冠刺槐无性系是营建速生丰产用材林、生态防护林、农林复合系统以及园林绿化的优良无性系.     

黑琥珀李株和冠幅与土壤养分相关的研究

应用逐步回归和通径分析，对土壤养分与黑琥珀李株产和冠幅增长的相关关系进行了研究，结果表明，土壤的机质，水解氮，速效磷和速效钾4个养分因子对黑琥珀李株产和冠幅的增长都有着显著和极显著的相关关系，其中以速效磷对产量和冠幅的增长作用最为显著，并且4种土壤养分因子之间存在着相互关联，互为作用的关系，因此，旋肥时应各种营养元素综合考虑，不能偏施。     

Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure

 Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure, and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red. Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002 Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa